Alcohol
Alcohol, also known as ethanol, is a psychoactive substance that is widely used in beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. Here are some key points about alcohol:
Chemical Composition[edit | edit source]
- Ethanol (C₂H₅OH): The primary type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
- Isopropanol (C₃H₇OH): Found in some cleaning products and can be toxic if ingested.
Effects on the Body[edit | edit source]
- Short-term effects: Impaired judgment, coordination, and reaction times; mood changes; and potential for alcohol poisoning.
- Long-term effects: Liver disease, cardiovascular problems, addiction (alcoholism), and mental health issues.
Metabolism[edit | edit source]
- Absorption: Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach and small intestine.
- Metabolism: The liver metabolizes alcohol, primarily through enzymes like alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.
- Excretion: Alcohol is excreted through urine, breath, and sweat.
Legal and Social Aspects[edit | edit source]
- Legal drinking age: Varies by country, typically 18-21 years old.
- Driving under the influence (DUI): Strict laws and penalties to prevent accidents and fatalities.
- Social drinking: Cultural norms and practices around alcohol consumption vary widely.
Health Recommendations[edit | edit source]
- Moderation: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
- Risks: Excessive drinking increases the risk of various health issues, including liver disease, cancer, and mental health disorders.